Bulgarians have an ancient culture and are proud of their traditions, legends and folklore. These are passed down through generations and are very much a part of the country’s daily life. It is a very family oriented society and close friendships are developed between people who know each other.

Bulgaria has a multiparty parliamentary system with universal adult suffrage and an elected president. The prime minister, who is chosen from the largest parliamentary group, heads the Council of Ministers. Regional governors are also elected, as are mayors and city councilors. Bulgaria’s Constitution, adopted in 1991, establishes a secular state and guarantees freedom of religion. The country’s capital is Sofia.

Although Bulgarians may differ on political beliefs, the overall tone of relations is cordial and open. Bulgaria’s contribution to world culture in modern times has included individuals such as computer pioneer John Atanasoff, opera singers Nicolai Ghiaurov and Boris Christoff, harpist Anna Tomowa-Sintow and Ghena Dimitrova, pianist Alexis Weissenberg, philosophers Julia Kristeva and Tzvetan Todorov and artist Christo.

The cuisine of Bulgaria is influenced by its Slavic and Balkan neighbors, but it is distinct in its emphasis on healthy foods. Many dishes feature meats, especially lamb and pork, but vegetables are very common as well. The best known dish is sarma, or stuffed grape leaves and cabbage, which are typically filled with a mixture of rice and minced meat and served with onions and carrots. Another Bulgarian speciality is tarator, a simple but delicious soup made from yogurt, cucumbers, fresh dill, garlic, and walnuts.

Many Bulgarians live in urban areas, although rural villages remain popular as well. In the cities, apartment blocks and villas are very common. In villages, large houses with outbuildings such as stables and barns are more typical.

Most Bulgarian families consist of parents and children, although in some cases grandparents may reside with the family as well. Generally, the older generation is held in higher esteem than their younger counterparts, and this is reflected in social situations such as when the oldest member of a group is greeted first, given a title, or served the most food at a table.

Gifts are exchanged for birthdays, Christmas and when invited to someone’s home. However, the cost of a gift is not necessarily indicative of the recipient’s status or wealth. It is more important that the gift is given with sincerity. If you are planning to bring a present, avoid chrysanthemums, lilies or gladiolas as they are traditionally used for funerals.

Bulgarians tend to be aloof and formal with strangers, but warm up when they get to know you. When meeting Bulgarians, address them by their titles and surname unless they tell you to call them by their first names. When greeting friends or acquaintances, a handshake is usual, and only very close friends hug. In public, a smile and eye contact is enough to convey your intentions.